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Int. J. Electroactive Mater. 13 (2025) 31-36

Iron-doped ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized from Citrus Hystrix Extracts for Antibacterial Activity

Mohd Zaki Mohd Yusoff1*, Muhammad Asyraf Al-Wafiy Lauthfi2, Suraya Ahmad Kamil 2, Sharifah Aminah Syed Mohamad 3, Nur Ubaidah Saidin4

1School of Physics and Material Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
2School of Physics and Material Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, , Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia, Shah Alam, Shah Alam, Malaysia
3Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia, Shah Alam, Shah Alam, Malaysia
4Industrial Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia

*Email Address : mzmy83@gmail.com

Abstract : The structural and optical characteristics of Fe-doped zinc oxide were investigated in this study using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The sample was successfully grown by the low-cost method from Citrus hystrix extract. Ferrum powder was used as the doping source to prepare a doping for ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). Two bacteria were used for antibacterial testing to the efficiency of Fe-doped ZnO in this treatment. XRD measurement shows the ZnO peak and hexagonal characteristics of the samples, which confirm the presence of ZnO nanoparticles. Raman spectroscopy also reveals vibrational modes, crystal quality, and defect states created as a result of doping. In the antibacterial tests, Fe-doped ZnO nanoparticles in 100% acetic acid solution have the largest inhibition area of (17 ± 0.6) and (13 ± 1.0) in combating S. aureus and E. coli bacteria, respectively.

Keywords : ZnO, Iron-doped ZnO, Citrus hystrix