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Pyrolysis Kinetics of Chicken Manure using Thermogravimetric Analysis via Flynn-Wall-Ozawa Method
1Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
2School of Technology Management and Logistics, College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia
3Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
4Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti College TATI, 24000 Kemaman, Terengganu, Malaysia
*Email Address : anis.ny@umk.edu.my
Abstract : Chicken manure comprises a mixture of feathers, bedding, spilt food and urine. In this study, the pyrolysis was conducted at three different heating rates of 10, 20 and 30 °C/min. It was heated from room temperature to 900 °C under an inert nitrogen environment with a flow of 20 ml/min via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) equipment to find out the thermal degradation and kinetics of chicken manure. Pyrolysis kinetics, such as activation energy (Ea) and the pre-exponential factor (A) of chicken manure, were analysed using the Flynn-Wall- Ozawa method. The TGA results indicated that four main reaction regions were identified in the range of 30-160, 160-400, 400-600, and 600-900 °C for the chicken manure pyrolysis. It was observed that when the heating rates remarkably increased, the TG/DTG curves shifted towards the higher temperature regime. The calculated Ea and A for pyrolysis were 122.4 kJmol-1 and 1.89×1014 s-1, respectively. The kinetics results were compared with other manures that used the Flynn-Wall- Ozawa method and were found to be in good agreement. This study proved that the kinetics from chicken manure were comparable to those found in other studies and can be used for designing pyrolysis reactors.
Keywords : chicken manure, pyrolysis, thermogravimetric analysis, kinetics, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method