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Quantum Communication Policies and National Security: A Benchmarking Analysis
Faculty of Economics and Muamalat, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), , Malaysia, Malaysia
*Email Address : nurulhudabintiazaman@gmail.com
Abstract : Quantum technology was first developed in the early 20th century. It is based on the principles of quantum mechanics, while quantum communication is a recent field that emerged from the quantum technology era that accelerates the exchange of data and communication. Since governments, businesses, banks, and financial institutions are among those that are highly exposed to security risk, the adoption of quantum communication technology and its policies would help secure the transfer and transmission of data and communication. Therefore, it is imperative to introduce a national policy to protect sensitive data and to ensure more secure communications. Malaysia established the National Cyber Security Agency (NACSA) as part of the National Security Council under the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) in 2017 to protect Malaysia’s national cyber security, but quantum communication technology has not been specifically mentioned in any of its policies and strategies. Thus, this study aims to review the existing policy concerning quantum communication technology in Malaysia and other countries. Articles and documents pertaining to quantum communication technology policy were reviewed. Findings show that a few countries have in place a national policy on quantum communication technology. Among them are the European Union, Canada, the United States, Australia, Russia, and China. The benchmarking analysis revealed that those quantum communication technology security policies cover aspects similar to those of the Malaysia Cyber Security Strategy 2020-2024. They emphasise prediction, detection, deterrence, and response to technology threats. The study results can serve as a reference for policymakers who are reviewing and revising cyber security policies and strategies in Malaysia to protect national sovereignty and security related to quantum communication technology. The results will also determine Malaysia’s position and capability to synergise and collaborate in global quantum communication initiatives.
Keywords : Quantum Technology, Quantum Communication Technology (QCT), Security, cyber security, policy